Scholarship That Help To Improve Our Services

Scholarship Scholarship 01 Jun 2016 Value: 250$ 2,500$ Starts on: June 1st 2016 Closes on: October 24st 2016 Tenure award: One Year Number of awards: Unlimited Previous winners: in  the Hall of Fame Background Since we have launched  Robot Don, machine learning tool that facilitates essay writing, we would continuously receive vulnerabilities reports, minor bugs and usability suggestions. Aside from the essay writing software, our contributors have been trying  Ã‚  and have even found some serious flaws. To honor the bright external contributions that help us build better products we have launched an Scholarship. Rules Scope of services Any of service or feature available through 1) robotdon.com or 2) is intended to be in scope of this scholarship. Qualifying suggestions Any design or implementation issue that affects the operations, logics and/or usability of the software is likely to be in the scope of the scholarship. Examples may include: Authentication or authorization flaws Server-side code execution bugs Algorithm implementation flaws. Usability suggestions Application start: âÅ"” The contest starts June 1 2016 and will be held on a year round basis. âÅ"” Submission sent prior June 1 2016 will not be accepted. Eligibility Anyone whose submission meets the qualifying suggestions is eligible. International submissions welcome, including from students (undergraduate or postgraduate) enrolled in a degree at any university. Non-students submissions are eligible. Usability suggestions. Please direct any questions about the program to . Rewards Awards range from a minimum of US$250 up to $2,500 with an unlimited reward pool. There is no limits to the reward amount per a period of time (week, month, etc). Monetary rewards aside, bugs ideas reporters who work with us to resolve flaws in our products will be credited on the Hall of Fame. If we file a bug or an idea, we will acknowledge your contribution on that page. If  you are looking for right place to order your  essay you can choose  scholarship essay writing service by . How to participate Please, send your reports through email: . Title: BIH report. Entries format: any. Legal note Employees of and their family members are not eligible for the scholarship. There is no cost involved to enter for either students or universities/colleges. Rewards will not be issued to individuals on a sanctions lists, or who are in countries (e.g. North Korea, Sudan and Syria) on sanctions lists. You are responsible for any tax implications depending on your country of residency and citizenship. There may be additional restrictions on your ability to enter depending upon your local law. Your testing must not violate any law, or disrupt or compromise any data that is not your own. may amend the program’s terms or revoke the program at any time without prior notice.

Network Planning Essays

Network Planning Essays Network Planning Essay Network Planning Essay I have decided to do the Bargain Booze project. This seems the most logical of choices as there are many more options to explore. It is the project that has the biggest need for change. I also have the most information and knowledge about this business and can therefore make much better recommendations. I have personal experience of working within a few Bargain Booze shops around Stoke on Trent, I have also been a customer in other similar shops. I know the system well and all of its weaknesses and spent many hours thinking about how it could be improved. I still have access to the shops and the systems used as well as having friends that still work there. There are three main layouts in the shop and these are shown on the next page. These are extremely important to look at in relation to the proposed topologies for the network. Resources Each site has similar needs because of the basic Bargain Booze layout of having a few tills at each site. As shown on the next page, the three main layouts used in Stoke on Trent use either one or two computers. The computers that run the till software need to be fairly new to be capable of handling the associated hardware 2GB RAM and a 100GB hard drive would be consider minimum to hold the necessary information from sales. Peripherals used should be wireless so that there are no unnecessary wires when the mouse and keyboard can be stored away. Each till needs specialist till equipment software, scanner, till drawer, price display, and keyboard and receipt printer. There is also a need for lasers printers as the current dot matrix printers are slow and provide bad quality print outs. Bargain Booze has also requested enhanced security to include CCTV running separately from the till systems, preferably handled externally. There should also be motion sensors and multiple panic buttons where all staff can access them. This should be available as a security bundled from an external company. The actual network is quite simple for Bargain Booze. The most expensive needs of Bargain Booze are the routers at each site. Cat 5 cables are needed to connect between the router and the computers. An engineering kit to actually install the network would also be needed. To provide the network, an outside line is needed that is provided by Bargain Boozes ISP. Physical Constraints of the Network The system is going to connect several sites together and needs to work well. There are several options for a network such as this. The limited number of computers at each site reduces the need for an overly advanced system but the distance between the sites is going to be a major factor. Bus Bus topologies are one of the simplest ways of connecting together computers. Each computer is connected to a single cable that the signal can travel between them and at either end; a terminator is used to absorb the signal. This topology is passive and computers only listen for the signal and do not move the signal further across the network. Because of this, only one device may transmit data at a time. The simplicity of this networks means that it is very easy to install initially and then later extend. It also uses a lot less cabling than other topologies and requires no expensive equipment to set up, making it also much cheaper to implement than other topologies. Whilst this network isnt the most efficient network it is suitable for small networks or temporary connections. The main problem with this topology is that is relies on a single cable which is restricted to a certain cable length (depending on the type of cable used) and this will also restrict the number of computers that can be connected. Also, in the event of this cable becoming damaged, the entire network will go down and to fix this cable can be costly and time consuming. This is a potential option. Having a Bus network at each site would be relatively simple and as each site is unlikely to expand within the shops in the future; this would not be a limitation. Each of the sites will then be connected together. Star The Star Topology is based around a single device (such as a hub, switch or router) and all the computers on the network connecting to it through UTP cables. This means that all devices have their own separate connection to the network. If a single cable has a problem, then only that computer will become disconnected from the network. As this topology commonly uses UTP cabling, it is restricted to a maximum cable length of 100 metres. This topology is most suited for much larger networks and is frequently found in larger companies. It can also handle many more connections and this makes is very easy to expand. Instead of the wires being the weak part of the network, in a star network it is the hub that causes problems if it goes down. It is also much more expensive than a simple bus network as it requires expensive hardware at the centre of all of the connections as well as more cabling. A star topology is an option for Bargain Booze. Each site would have a star network and then all the sites will then be connected with an extended star. However, the lack of number of computers at each site means that this may be overkill for the number of connections needed but the reliability makes this an option, as does the relatively short distance between the computer and the connecting device. Ring Computers linked using the Ring Topology, will always be connected to two other computers, linking all devices together. Each computer forwards on the signal to one of the devices connected to it, allowing many computers to be connected to it. This topology relies on constantly working computers, if one goes down then the entire network will stop working. It is also slower and more expensive than a star topology. Another major drawback is that when a computer is either added or taken away, there is major disruption to the network until ring is completed once again. This can make maintenance costly and time consuming and will lead to business delays. A ring network would not be an option. It is more expensive than a star network but is much more limited in what it can do and how it is used. Rings should be replaced with stars in all but a few cases. Bargain Booze will be using an Extended Star as shown in the network diagram below. Analyse potential developments in networking technology which may affect the project. The biggest potential developments are increasing bandwidth and reduced costs. Both of these could dramatically impact the network if what we need for the network was not either currently available or currently within our budget. For Bargain Booze, we do not need a high bandwidth network. As we are currently not even using all of the bandwidth available to us, any newer technologies that have more bandwidth would be too much for the network. It is also likely to be too expensive for a network such as Bargain Booze. Increased bandwidth tasks such as video conferencing would push Bargain Booze towards this, but as it is a simple business a standard wired network is possibly. Fibre Optic cabling is the next step towards higher speed networks. Even though Bargain Booze is not using high bandwidth technologies, they must still be compatible if/when the entire country switches over to fibre. The system should also be designed so that Bargain booze may switch to cabling in the future if they need to. The cost of equipment is constantly changing as newer equipment appears to replace it. Each time a new generation of kit comes out; it pushes the costs of older kit down. This means that being a generation behind is usually cheaper. Because the world of computing is constantly changing and improving; even second generation kit is almost always more than capable of carrying out required tasks. The only time newer kit is required is in extremely demanding situations. A new standard for wireless is about to be released and this is called 802.11n. It is hoped that this is the technology that will push wired users towards wireless connectivity as both speed and range are vastly improved over the existing system. It is hoped that 802.11n will double the speed of wireless and so far, testing is saying that this is true. Making wireless faster and more secure could make it a substitute for situations such as Bargain Boozes network where at the moment, wireless just isnt justifiable. Identify and calculate the cost of all the resources required.

Case Management Plan (Nursing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case Management Plan (Nursing) - Essay Example Case as an organizer of care delivery and research has been commonly used in practice settings, and this is often person centred. This is one systematic approach to the presently advocated holistic paradigm of nursing care. Before going to present the assessment, analysis, and care plan based on the case management approach, it is important to know why it is important. The idea is to improve the ability of the health care systems to respond efficiently to the demands or needs of the older people like Mrs. Chang. It has greater implications than are apparent. Studies have indicated that most elderly people despite considerable debility prefer to stay at home, while the models of cost-effective care are shortening the lengths of hospital stay. Care in the community has, thus, gained significant importance. Case management approach may be the first step towards successfully achieving this (Brown et al., 2005, 1-32). Mrs. Chang is an elderly woman with 82 years of age with late stage parkinsonism. She is thin and frail. On the baseline, she has late stage parkinsonism, although the exact clinical features are not highlighted in this case study. This condition is characterized by gradual slowing of voluntary movement, muscular rigidity, stooped posture, and distinctive rigid gait. Over and above that, she has evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of both hands. As indicated in the history, she tripped and fell in the bathroom; this impairment of mobility may get accentuated with her rheumatic disease. Although not highlighted in the case history, a thorough examination of all her joints is mandatory to indicate the status of age-related osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, which would further aggravate her problem of mobility. During this admission, she was admitted since she sustained a fall at home in the bathroom, and she has been admitted to the hospital for observation and further evaluation. Her cur rent medications have not been mentioned, but she has been on ibuprofen. This indicates her baseline chronic pain, which may further compromise her mobility. The impaired mobility is further accentuated by the fact that at home, she stays with her husband who is older than her by 4 years, who himself may be frail enough to be insufficient to help her out in these activities at home. The patient will express feelings of increased comfort, decreased pain and will be able to perform activities of daily living within the confines of the disease and will maintain joint mobility and range of motion while exhibiting adaptive coping behaviour. Improvement in muscle strength and endurance would be the goal (Burgess-Limerick, 2003, 143-148). An impaired nervous system can manifest in many ways, from subtle weakness to drastic loss of

Globalization and the Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Globalization and the Society - Essay Example (Pros and Cons of Globalization, 2012) Most of the time globalization is used to refer to a particular specific aspect- economic integration throughout the world. This essay will examine the term of globalization, how it has been achieved, what benefits and drawbacks it brings to peoples’ daily life. Based on these facts and arguments, this essay will finally consider from different points of view whether globalization is good for society or not. Globalization began along with the time of the industrial age. Industries produced goods in a mass quantity without any specific market orientation; therefore they started to sell products across the board. Export became more efficient for business, so they wanted to replace production to a place with more affordable labor and cheaper production cost. Thus, replacing production location allows businesses to produce more at a cheaper price in a market where demand is higher. Free Trade Agreement allows free moving to industries among d ifferent countries; therefore it brings welfare to all countries for several reasons. First of all, globalization provides an opportunity for finance. Before globalization, businesses were limited only to domestic sources of finance from investors. But today, countries become closer therefore limitations on finance sources fall. In a global economy, entrepreneurs have an opportunity to gain investment form any country. For example, a company based in Mexico, can easily get investments from the US, Canada, Europe or Asia. This practice is becoming more common globally. This opportunity is available not only for developed countries, but also for developing countries. For example, African countries can gain funds form countless international sources like Kiva International, an organization that provides funding to poorest, allowing them to turn ideas into businesses (Faiola, 2009). Economic integration with foreign countries makes economic growth more constant and faster than those cou ntries that try to dissociate itself from all. China is a great illustration of international integration. To become a globally active nation, China has broken traditional principles of being individual and ignoring other countries. As a result, it could not be unnoticed that China is the fastest growing nation in the world nowadays. According to statistics, an open economy has a rate of growth of 2.5% higher than in a closed economy due to the process of globalization (Dreher, 2006). An open economy in this case has been achievable due to the globalization process that has taken place around the world allowing for different countries to financially interact with one another for mutual benefit. Business across the borders has proven to be a sustainable practice that allows the countries that practice to access markets that would have previously been inaccessible due to their location (Vujakovic, 2010). The open market has served to increase the financial wealth of a country as it ha s provided more opportunities to conduct business besides the local industries that are available. Globalization has enhanced the relationships that exist between countries thanks to their interaction with one another that has allowed them to get along and in the process reducing the prospect of war between countries (Scholte, 2005). Globalization has enhanced the bonds that exist between countries as they work together to enhance their financial and political strength meaning that there is little opportunity for them to come up with reasons for disagreements as they are in the process of working together for the common good of both of their nations. Improved relationships

Impacts of Technology on Civil Liberties

Impacts of Technology on Civil Liberties The Impact of the Widespread Use of Information and Communication Technologies on Civil Liberties Abstract Advances in information and communication technologies have presented new opportunities and problems for the society. The opportunities that have become obvious with regard to the application of these technologies include meeting the changing demands of the public for enhanced service delivery, an ability to communicate instantaneously over vast distances and being able to store or retrieve vast amounts of information as well as being able to interact with a large number of individuals or organisations by providing them with information over the internet etc. However, these new developments often leave the public sector actors confused because they are often bound by legacy values and outdated socio – economic morality. As democratic societies debate the ethics of the new situation with which they have been confronted, a potential exists for the occurrence of a large number of cases involving a serious misunderstanding of computers and computer based communication with implica tions for civil liberties in a society. Such misunderstandings can mean that a large number of individuals may have their privacy encroached upon, their computing equipment seized and their lives hampered for no real reason. Although governments do have a duty to ensure that various actors are not indulging in activities that are harmful to the society as a whole or to members of a society, it is also important that innocent individuals are not maligned. Information and communication technologies have placed an awesome power in the hands of those who have the imagination to dream up new uses for such technologies and lawmakers have to some how balance the rights of the individuals and those of the society as a whole. This brief essay takes a look at some of the implications of the widespread use of information and communications technologies on civil liberties. Contents (Jump to) Introduction Advances in Technology Provide a Wider Range of Options on Civil Liberties Conclusions Bibliography/References   Introduction Civil liberties refer to the freedoms that are enjoyed by the citizens of a state without interference from governments. Examples of civil liberties include freedom of assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, right to privacy, right to self defence and the right of due process in law as well as the right to a fair trial by a competent court (Wikipedia, 2006, Civil Liberties). The previously mentioned freedoms and rights are usually granted to citizens by virtue of legal enactments that have been written into the laws of a country, including its constitution. The constitutions of various states provide a varying degree of emphasis to civil liberties that can be enjoyed by citizens, but nearly all countries of the world today do offer some degree of protection against interference by a government or others in the lives of a private citizen. As an example, the Australian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, the South Korean Constitution requires that the government prot ect the privacy as well as dignity of its citizens and the Constitution of the United States of America, through the first ten amendments that are called the Bill of Rights, requires that the government guarantee freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of assembly, freedom of religious worship, the right to bear arms, prevent search and seizure without just cause, cruel and unusual punishment and self incrimination as well as ensuring that a citizen is provided the rights to due process and a fair trial by an impartial jury. Any powers related to civil liberties or human rights that have not been explicitly granted to the Federal government in the United States Constitution are reserved by the citizens or the States of the Union. Although the United Kingdom lacks a codified constitution, this country along with many European countries are signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights, which stipulates the standards related to civil liberties and human rights in Europe an countries that are signatory to this instrument. The Human Rights Act of the United Kingdom has been the vehicle for incorporation of many of the European Convention rights into United Kingdom law (Answers.com, 2006, â€Å"Civil Liberties†). Thus, many counties around the world have laws that extend guarantees associated with civil liberties to its citizens. Proliferation of computers, information technology and communications in the present pervasive computing age has made it very convenient to maintain records related to persons and to indulge in surveillance as well as identification of individuals. Maintaining detailed records about all aspects of an individual’s private life, rapid searching and retrieval of information related to an individual, tapping of phone conversations and identification of suspicious communications from keywords as well as relatively foolproof identification of individuals from fingerprints or other biometric signatures such as dental records, DNA or the unique patterns of the iris and the transmission of very detailed records over vast distances in an instant are now quite possible (Akdeniz, 2001, Pp. 1 – 10), (Ashbourn, 2006, Pp. 1 – 20) and (Hassan, 2004, Pp. 1 – 7). It is, therefore, possible for a state or other vested interests to defame and abuse or try to take advantage of individuals as well as to deny them opportunities or to malign them in many ways through the power of information that can be manipulated by technology. This brief essay takes a look at the impact of the widespread use of information and communication technologies on civil liberties in a society. Advances in Technology Provide a Wider Range of Options on Civil Liberties Whereas the menace of international terror and the activities associated with organised crime have meant that governments do have a duty to be vigilant about the safety and security of its citizens and the nation, it is also important that a state, its functionaries or other powerful or mischievous interests in a society desist, or be prevented from undue interference in the private activities of an individual (Greenberg, 2004, Pp. 165 – 168). Such interference may have an appeal for many who may want to try and take undue advantage of information about a citizen that can be readily gathered, stored, transmitted and analysed using the new information and communication technologies. However, technology not only provides a potential for abuse, but it also provides benefits and enhanced safety for all in a society (Campbell, 1998, â€Å"The Social Impact of New Communications Technologies†). Thus, the advent of technology has given a society and individual members of a soc iety a greater power and a lot more options about what can be done to gather detailed information about an individual and to use such information in a number of ways by making it known to others. However, protecting civil liberties requires that such powers be controlled and that the gathering or release of information about individuals be restrained, unless sanctioned by competent and responsible members of a society in the wider interests of other members of the society, so that an individual is not unduly disadvantaged, threatened, abused or taken advantage of by the state or other vested interests in the society. The protection of civil liberties is essential for the evolution and development of an individual’s personality as well as for the protection of any advantages that may have been made available to an individual through their ingenuity, hard work, force of circumstance, manipulations by nature or as a result of a gift from the Divine (Tabata, 2006, Pp. 10 – 20 and 79 – 80), (De Boni, 2001, Pp. 1 – 3) and (Hutson, 2005, Pp. 7). However, it is equally important to safeguard the interests of all members of a society so that the activities of individuals or a group of individuals do not have a destructive impact on others (Lau, 2002, Pp. 1 – 3). Technology has, therefore, provided a greater number of options to a society about the values that it may want to maintain. It is obvious that advances in technology do make it possible for the government of a nation, or other vested interests, such as private telecommunication companies or ISP providers etc, to take advantage of these advances in order to either liberate or to oppress the masses. Thus, the society is presented with choices and depending on what the interested powers want, a balance is struck between what may amount to oppression and what may be considered to be the legitimate authority of the state or others to protect their interests. Debates about civil liberties have always been carried out in democratic societies, even though such debates may have been discouraged or censored in the more authoritarian countries (American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU, 2000, â€Å"Letter to the Senate on Legislation to Increase Law Enforcement Electronic Surveillance†). The more advanced nations have attempted to promote universal standards associated with civil liberties and human rights, but de spite such efforts, what is acceptable as public law varies from one country to the other (Statewatch, 2006, â€Å"Current Lead Stories†). A dictatorial regime in a third world country will not feel any remorse about using all the technology at its disposal to neutralise its opponents or to repress the masses. However, in the more developed world, civil rights groups, public interest groups, the judiciary, business interests and various branches of the government come to some sort of an agreement about how the civil liberties of citizens ought to be protected and what can be considered to be acceptable conduct on the part of the government and other interests. Certainly, the widespread use of information and communications technologies has provided greater opportunities to abuse the civil rights of individuals (Taylor, 2001, â€Å"The Council of Europe Cyber crime Convention: a civil liberties perspective†). However, the previously mentioned technologies can also be us ed to safeguard civil liberties, educate the masses and provide better service to the community. In the United Kingdom, a very substantial increase in the number of phone tapping warrants has been observed in recent years and although this can be attributed to the war against global terrorism and organised crime, it has to be appreciated that no one can intercept private communications in the United Kingdom without a judicial warrant (Akdinez, 2001, Pp. 1 – 5). Disclosure of any data that is considered to be private is also an offence against the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000. Although the use of covert human intelligence gathering about suspects is not illegal under the previously mentioned Act, such activities can be challenged under the Human Rights Act. Thus, the British and European societies in general have placed a reasonably high value on the protection of civil liberties and human rights in matters that are associated with the proliferation of information and communication technologies. In the lesser developed nations, such high standards are less l ikely to be maintained (Waters, 1997, â€Å"Telecommunications interception — extending the reach or maintaining the status quo?†). Surveillance is not just limited to law enforcement authorities, but in the United States such activities may also be carried out by an employer or others with a vested interest, without the consent of an employee or the individual (National Science Foundation, 1998, â€Å"Privacy Issues†) and (Hutson, 2005, Pp. 7). Apart from an enhanced threat of surveillance or monitoring and threats to an individual’s privacy, advances in technology have also produced new problems related to what can be done to prevent interested parties from violating the human rights of others. The awesome power of the internet makes it possible to libel anyone anonymously by writing messages about them as web content. Also, any information that ever makes it to the web can be readily copied and distributed all over the world (Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2006, â€Å"Free Speech†). In addition to activities that are designed to bring persons into disrepute, it is also necessary to control the so called investment companies, online gambling websites and the High Yield Investment Pools that seem to regularly rip off individuals by tantalising them with huge returns on their investment of E-Gold or other similar electronic currency (Pokerpulse.com, 2006, â€Å"Internet gambling and the Patriot Act†). D espite warnings about financial scams that are posted on law enforcement websites by governments of the so called developed world, it appears that the regulators of the World Wide Web have little interest in ensuring that any web content is not fraudulent. It also appears that law enforcement agencies, even in the developed countries, are unable or unwilling to locate financial scam websites despite these being registered by authorised web registrants (Goldpoll.com, 2006, â€Å"HYIP Ratings†). Not a single HYIP has ever delivered anything resembling the investment that an unsuspecting individual makes as a payback, yet these websites are operating with great impunity under the very noses of the global law enforcement agencies and regulators of the World Wide Web. Surely, civil liberties which include freedom of speech and freedom to engage in commerce do not extend to activities that are harmful to other members of the community. However, it has been observed that governments of the great democratic nations are willing to do precious little to regulate financial scams on the web, even though they have tried to control what can be posted on the web (Center for Democracy and Technology, 2006, â€Å"Reports and Articles CDT Sends Letter Opposing Mandatory Labelling†). Thus, many new problems with a potential to damage members of a society by persons or groups with a vested interest have been created by advances in information and communication technologies. Although issues related to these new problems are being debated within societies and legislation is being gradually introduced to regulate new technologies, the process seems to be too slow and cumbersome to protect many who have already been victimised. Because of the global nature of the World Wide Web and the global reach of information and communication technologies, global cooperation is essential to regulate these new technologies in an ethical manner (Brosseau, 2002, Pp. 24 – 32). However, despite a dire need for cooperation, practical results have been exceedingly slow in materialising. Conclusions From the previous discussion it can be concluded that the widespread use of information and communication technologies has created new opportunities as well as new dangers for the protection of civil liberties and human rights. Technology offers power which can be used to do good or to do evil and societies around the world are grappling with the issues of just how to balance civil liberties in relation to protecting the broader interests of the society at large and those of its other members. Different countries have drawn different lines in the air, but a great need exists for a global understanding of the issues involved and some sort of a global cooperation to regulate these new technologies with a global reach. Bibliography / References Akdeniz, Yaman et al. 2001. BigBrother.gov.uk: State surveillance in the age of information and rights. Criminal Law Review, (February, 2001), pp. 73-90. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.cyber-rights.org/documents/crimlr.pdf Akdeniz, Yaman. 1997. First Report on UK Encryption Policy. Cyber-Rights Cyber-Liberties (UK). Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.cyber-rights.org/crypto/ukdtirep.htm American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU. 2000. Letter to the Senate on Legislation to Increase Law Enforcement Electronic Surveillance, Civil Asset Forfeiture, Prosecution of Juveniles in Federal Court, and to Make the Use of Encryption a Grounds for Enhancing a Criminal Penalty. American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.aclu.org/natsec/spying/14380leg20001010.html Andersson, Helena et al. 2002. Survey of Privacy and Information Technology. SATIS, Sweden. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://bscw.sics.se/pub/bscw.cgi/d172149/Survey%20of%20Privacy%20and%20Information%20Technology.pdf Andonova, Veneta. 2004. Communication Technologies: Commercial Adoption and Institutional Environment. Universitat Pompeau Fabra. Retrieved: 2004. From: http://www.tdx.cesca.es/TESIS_UPF/AVAILABLE/TDX-0127105-103146/tvsa1de1.pdf Answers.com. 2006. Civil Liberties. Answers.com. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.answers.com/topic/civil-liberties Ashbourn, Julian. 2006. The Societal Implications of the Wide Scale Introduction of Biometrics and Identity Management. Euroscience Open Forum. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.statewatch.org/news/2006/jul/biometrics-and-identity-management.pdf Bergstrom, Ann M. 2005. THE USA PATRIOT ACT AND CIVIL LIBERTIES: THE MEDIA’S RESPONSE. West Virginia University. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://kitkat.wvu.edu:8080/files/4333/Bergstrom_M_Ann_thesis.pdf Billings, P. R. 1992, DNA on trial: genetic identification and criminal justice Plainview, N.Y.: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. Brosseau, Eric. 2002. Internet Regulation: Does Self-Regulation Require an Institutional Framework? University of Paris X. Retrieved: August 6, 2006. From: http://www.druid.dk/conferences/summer2002/Papers/Brousseau.pdf Campbell, Anne. 1998. The Social Impact of the Information Revolution. Institute for Learning and Research Technology, University of Bristol. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.sosig.ac.uk/iriss/papers/key1.htm Castells, M. 2002, The Internet galaxy: reflections on the Internet, business, and society Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Cavoukian, Anne et al. 2004. Tag, You’re It: Privacy Implications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology. Privacy Commissioner, Ontario. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.ipc.on.ca/scripts/index_.asp?action=31P_ID=15007N_ID=1PT_ID=11351U_ID=0 Center for Democracy and Technology. 2006. Reports and Articles. Center for Democracy and Technology. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.cdt.org/publications/articles.php Civil Liberties Union of the Philippines. Policy Studies Group 1984, Technology as an instrument of domination [Quezon City, Philippines] : Policy Studies Group, Civil Liberties Union. Clutterbuck, R. L., Jamieson, A., Lodge, J. 1991, Counter-terrorism in Europe: implications of 1992 London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflict and Terrorism. Conaway, T. L. 1996. LIBEL IN CYBERSPACE: FEDERAL JUDGES THE INTERNET. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.keleka.net/pubs/combinedthesis.pdf CPSR. 2006. Privacy Civil Liberties. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.cpsr.org/issues/privacy/index_html/view?searchterm=Civil%20Liberties De Boni, Marco and Prigmore, Martyn. 2001. Privacy and the Information Economy. Leeds Metropolitan University. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.leedsmet.ac.uk/ies/comp/staff/deboni/papers/IADIS2003-DeBoniPrigmore-1v1.pdf Demchak, Chris C and Kurt D. Fenstermacher. 2005. Balancing Security and Privacy in the 21st Century. University of Arizona. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=enlr=q=cache:zVAc1HDcIasJ:eller.arizona.edu/~kurtf/writing/Balancing-security-privacy-ISI-2004.pdf+technology,+security,+and+liberty+since+9/11 Eid, Mahmoud et al. 2006. Cyber-Terrorism and the Information Sword. University of Ottawa. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.ucc.ie/info-mfcsit/SpecSess-Info/Eid.doc Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2006. Free Speech. Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.eff.org/Censorship/ Ethicsweb.ca. 2006. Computer Ethics. Ethicsweb.ca. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.ethicsweb.ca/resources/computer/publications.html Fitzgerald – Moore, P. 1996. Privacy and Technology. University of Calgary. Retrieved: August 4, 2006. From: http://www.ucalgary.ca/~pfitzger/privacy.pdf Goldpoll.com. 2006. HYIP Performance Ratings. Goldpoll.com. Retrieved: August 5, 2006. From: http://www.goldpoll.com/ Grant, R. A. Bennett, C. J. 1999, Visions of privacy: policy choices for the digital age Toronto; London: University of Toronto Press. Great Britain. Home Office 2004, Legislation on identity cards: a consultation: presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for the Home Department by command of Her Majesty April 2004 London: Stationery Office, 2004. Greenberg, Michael et al. 2004. 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The Rocking-Horse Winner by D.H. Lawerence :: The Rocking-Horse Winner, D.H. Lawerence

"The Rocking-Horse Winner" by D.H. Lawerence talks about a family who lived in style, but always had anxiety in their house. There was never enough money. The parents knew the children were growing up and they would need money to send their children to school. The house came to be haunted with the phrase: There must be more money! There must be more money! The children could here it aloud but never dared to say it. The mother believed they were poor due to the fact her husband had no luck. One day the boy asked his mother what luck really was. She replied,"It's what causes you to have money. If you are lucky you have money. That's why it it's better to be rich. If you're rich you may lose your money. But if your lucky, you will always get more money." The boy told his mother he had luck. The boy knew she did not beleive him and this started the boy on his journey with the rocking horse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rocking horse gave luck, which is exactly what the boy, Paul, needed. Only Paul at first could hear the real truth from his rocking horse. The rocking horse would tell Paul who the winner of the race would be. Paul and his uncle Oscar used this information to gamble on horss and were able to win piles of money. This money he gave anomously to his mother to use for anything that was needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was one night that Paul was riding his horse at full speed when suddenly a blaze of light hit him up. He screamed, "Malabar!" Then he fell off with a crash that would put him into unconsciousness; he never did recover from that fall. He died later that night. Paul needed his rocking horse, without it he would never have felt that luck.

Different Ways To Learn From Reading To Writing

It is frequently said that the western can talk many linguistic communications and frequently there is a phrase that states the myth of monolinguals in the West. The world is non needfully true as the category I am in is able to talk over 30 three linguistic communications. The Salverda article refersuser2010-10-21T21:55:00 Referee that London itself can talk over 300 different linguistic communications, which renders the position of monolinguals. A bilingual individual is a individual who can talk less than two or more linguistic communications and a individual who can talk more than two are called monolingual. I can talk English, Gujarati, Hindi and French. For this instance analyze English and Guajarati will be L1 and L2. Bing a individual who has the chance to larn more than two linguistic communications has taught me how I have learnt my linguistic communication and how good I look after them. For this instance survey I will explicate societal and political content bon linguistic communication acquisition and the instruction experiences that I had turning up. I will besides speak about theories and codification commixture and shift. Peoples get linguistic communications throughout different ways, some learn from schools, some from get marrieding into a different civilization or some through migrations. I was taught from my parents who migrated from India. The manner that I can remember is, L1 was taught at school and L2 was taught at place and Saturday school. Learning L1 was rather difficult compared to L2, as I believe that with L2 there was more focal point on me larning that much more rapidly as my Dendranthema grandifloruom could non talk L1 rather good. Using this I will be able to concentrate on certain theories that may be able to assist how the linguistic communication. During the period of 1960 ‘s there was a cardinal development on how kids get linguistic communication. It was done by Peal and Lambert. There survey showed that the survey clearly demonstrated the advantages that accrue to bilinguals in certain countries of cognitive ability. If it was non for Peal and Lambert 1960, as a discovery, theoreticians were able to understand that kids needed to be balanced in linguistic communications to assist them with their cognitive development. With this, people were able to understand how kids learnt linguistic communications and assist teacher to learn the kids. Because of the methods founded, I believe that it has assist me to understand that when I was larning at that place were different paths that instructors taught us to assist me understand linguistic communications and without cognizing some of this methods were taught at place every bit good. But what defined a balanced bilingual? This was a individual with equal proficiency, high or low in two linguistic communications. ‘Native like control of both linguistic communications ‘ ( Baker 2001 ) given the nature of linguistic communications it is non possible to be balanced for a period of clip. However, usage of two or more linguistic communications may be in balanced give the fortunes. The CUP ( Common Underlying Proficiency theoretical account ) which was developed by Cummins in 1980 was a great development for the apprehension for linguistic communication development. To summarize this method is that the both linguistic communications operate at the same clip, intending that when I was larning my linguistic communications, the development of L1 was weaker compared to L2. ( Baker 2001 p170 ) explains that one ground could be that if one or more linguistic communications are non working to the full knowledge and academic public presentation could be affected. In my instance, this was true, as I seem to hold more hard in larning English even though it was meant to be my first linguistic communication compared to my place linguistic communication which was L2. Another method that I remember larning was through sounds and ocular cues which really goes into the BICS. This is Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills ; ( Baker 2001 pp,174 ) defines this as the insouciant criterion for communicating, where its context is embed on the rudimentss of utilizing ocular cues and non- verbal agencies of communicating significance. To me this meant that, when larning L1 instructor were utilizing sounds, images or other methods of communicating, this was besides the same when larning L2, nevertheless, although both methods of acquisition was same. I had jobs larning L1 compared to L2. The deceptive nature of BICS can take to instructors doing errors where the instructors would overrate kids ‘s ability in literacy development. Where as in some instance it can be accurate and instructors would happen that they do non hold clip to assist or non adequate resources as there are 30 kids in a schoolroom and can non assist the all. In development to BICS, there was the content embedded and content reduced. Which was design by Cummins 1983, this method was design to assist kids with their cognitive thought. A context-embedded undertaking is one in which the pupil has entree to a scope of extra ocular and unwritten cues ; for illustration he can look at illustrations of what is being talked about or inquire inquiries to corroborate apprehension. A context-reduced undertaking is one such as listening to a talk or reading dense text, where there are no other beginnings of aid than the linguistic communication itself. The threshold theory was developed by Cummins et al 1979 explains that this theory is predicated on the premiss that bilingualism confers cognitive benefits. It ‘s suggested that the bilingual proficiency must be reasonably high before cognitive benefits accrue to the persons. This is partially related to me because it explains that if my L1 is less developed the L2 is besides affect. In my instance this was true. In larning both linguistic communications at the same clip, it was confounding me that I did non cognize which manner to travel and sometimes when it came to larning I found that my authorship accomplishment were weaker compared to my reading accomplishments. Which gave a disadvantage as it made me experience less intelligent compared to other kids around me. One ground why I could hold underachieved in developing could be that I may non hold could be the insufficiently developed in both of the linguistic communications, nevertheless, one ground could be that because I had to self Teach L1, as my parents L1 was their native linguistic communication and English was L2 to them so it was bit difficult for them to learn as they were larning themselves every bit good. Code commixture and Code Switching, are a good known factor in footings of a bilingual individual. Code -switching is the commixture of words, phrases and sentences from two distinguishable grammatical ( sub ) systems across sentence boundaries within the same address event, code-mixing is the embedding of assorted lingual units such as affixes ( bound morphemes ) , words ( unbound morphemes ) , phrases and clauses from a co-operative activity where the participants, in order to deduce what is intended, must accommodate what they hear with what they understand. It meant that when I was talking, I kept blending my linguistic communications together, for illustration I would get down to speak in L1 and complete in L2. At school if I knew person that could talk the same linguistic communication as me, it felt particular and felt like we were talking in codifications that me and my friends would cognize merely. In decision, I have notice that larning linguistic communications is a complex thing, if you do non look after it you can lose that ability and can even bury about it. To understand linguistic communications and how they help we have to travel back to its beginnings like roll and Lambert who were a great influence on linguistic communications. Because of them other theoretician such as Cummins ‘s happening aid to understand how to assist kids. But what needs to be considered is that there could be negative impact every bit good as there were jobs with some of the determination such as societal category or societal political were non considered, and most of the determination were centre through in-between category kids. Besides in schools teacher now understand that kids larning L1 is non to be treated as particular demands as it is a different categorization besides teachers must understand that in add-on to being bilingual, kids must non merely go on to develop their first lin guistic communication and non subtractive their L2 as it besides undermines their cognitive thought. At the start of the essay I have said that I can talk three or more linguistic communication, which it true but can merely talking Hindi, and understanding Urdu and Punjabi be classified as person being monolingual. What about my GCSE French, where I learnt how to read and compose and talk, but due to non utilizing that linguistic communication I have forgotten it, can I could that as a linguistic communication learnt. So being bilingual is non clearly defined as it could intend anything. Yet people have frequently said that if you can talk a linguistic communication means that you have learnt a linguistic communication. Peoples have frequently said that larning a linguistic communication is difficult and if you do non look after, you may lose that accomplishment, which in my instance was true, because I had non look after my linguistic communication I have forgotten most of the ling uistic communication. Referee hypertext transfer protocol: //esl.fis.edu/teachers/support/cummin.htm hypertext transfer protocol: //www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol15num1/ayeomoni.pdf